Thank you for agreeing to participate. An access code has been sent to your inbox (please check your spam folder as well). When you’re ready, click the image to begin the questionnaire.

Note: The Language and Health Background Survey was developed by adapting two existing instruments designed to assess bilingualism and brain health. These instruments are the Language History Questionnaire (LHQ3), developed by Dr. Ping Li, Director of the Brain, Language, and Computation Lab at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, and the Language and Social Background Questionnaire (LSBQ), developed by Dr. John A.E. Anderson and Dr. Ellen Bialystok at York University. The version used in this study has been modified by the research team to better suit the astronaut and control populations.

• Anderson JAE, Mak L, Keyvani Chahi A, Bialystok E. The language and social background questionnaire: Assessing degree of bilingualism in a diverse population. Behav Res Methods. 2018 Feb;50(1):250-263. doi: 10.3758/s13428-017-0867-9. PMID: 28281208; PMCID: PMC5591752.

• Li P, Zhang F, Yu A, Zhao X. Language History Questionnaire (LHQ3): An enhanced tool for assessing multilingual experience. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. 2020;23(5):938-944. doi:10.1017/S1366728918001153